In Greek mythology, the goddess Dikē (Justice) is a daughter of Zeus and Themis. She has two sisters, Eunomia and Eirene, and together they are called the Horae and embody order and harmony. Since modern times, the physical embodiment of Justice has had three main characteristics: a sword in her right hand, scales in her left hand, and a blindfold over her eyes, representing her fairness in judgement. Contemporary concepts of justice, including judicial justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, and rectified justice, are all rooted in ancient Greek political and ethical philosophy. As a virtue, justice is closely related to the idea of order and harmony in ancient Greece. To understand justice, this book therefore returns to “the original position” to explore the ancient Greek concept of justice. The ancient Greek notion of justice is commonly thought to have undergone a process of development; that is, it changed from a culture of shame to a culture of guilt. This book, however, challenges this traditional interpretation, arguing that different writers in different genres were all concerned with the times in which they lived and reacted to their environment through their work. Although different writers might understand justice differently, their discussion of the harmony of the ethical relationships among humans, the order of polis, the attunement of the individual soul, or even the orderly workings of the cosmos all illustrate the core idea of justice: the maintenance or recovery of an orderly state. The discussions and arguments in this book touch on epic works, elegiac poetry, tragedy, and philosophical works and explore the notion of justice held by writers from the 8th century BC to the 4th century BC, such as Homer, Hesiod, Lycurgus, Solon, the elegiac poets, early Greek philosophers, Aeschylus, Plato, and Aristotle. Readers are urged, through the beautiful words and vivid stories, not only to grasp how the ancient Greeks understood the notion of justice and applied it to their own society, but also to reflect on their own lives and the moral and political problems we face today. In our efforts to realize justice in our modern societies, what can we learn from the ancients? In the ancient Greek texts, we can find traces and suggestions of the elements of the successful practice of justice in moral and political life: procedural transparency, public participation, proper legislation, the principle of fairness, freedom of speech, the rule of law, the law-abidingness of citizens, and the punishment of wrongdoers. Reference Hsei-Yung Hsu. The Ancient Greek Concept of Justice: The Moral Values and Political Ideals from Homer to Aristotle, First Edition. Taipei: NTU Press, July, 2016. Associate Professor Hsei-Yung Hsu Department of Philosophy hhsu@ntu.edu.tw